Method of making paper and similar products



Patented Oct. 10, 1933 3 29 32 UNITED STATES PATENT @FFHEE' METHOD OF MAKING PAPER AND SIMILAR PRODUCTS Mone B. Isaacs, Philadelphia, Pa.

No Drawing. Application May 16, 1931, Serial No. 538,001. Renewed November 22, 1932 12 Claims. (Cl. 92-2l) My invention relates to the making of paper, to the exact proportions above given, particucardboard and similar products made, in the larly with respect to the proportion of the binder main-from a pulp of cellulose or similar fibers, to the pulp, for that may vary considerably, deand more particuilgrly to the adgitiolhto the pul1fi ggndinriglal onctigeegufility of kliiflle pipe; o1"i bogfid 60 of a binding ma rial'compose in e main 0 n a y spea g, e ar er e casein and a solvent therefor, for the purpose product is to be, the greater will be the proporof imparting strength and the property of repeltloIn 13323 210 1 3 31; these in redients in the dry moisture. g il have discovered that a better, stronger, more state, and when I wish to use the same to form a readily foldable and more wateirprogfbpapelialgardggliglelinfilinplgagviggeiergibly agld g gsm :11:. 5 bardorthelikema beprouce ya go a 0 mg e ureo etlge paper pulp in the beater, a binding composiconsistency of a paste or cream prior to its introtion comlggied gftahn animal or vegetable? protieig 2331331182112: gllisppiililhz dr'giseltrizygdligwsivgsrage or a mix e o e same, mixe or associa e 5 with lime and a fluoride and incorporating the tially any Order or sequence. I prefer to add this 70 same into and impregnating the fibers with this binding material to the pulp aft r th beating of binder during the beating operation of the pulp. the pulp had been well started and near the end The protejd which I have found t b th b st of the beating operation. If the ingredients are suited for the purposes above stated, is casein, add d s parately it may be in any order, or the and it is to be understood that I prefer to use fluoride may b m xed W th the me, mixed with 75 casein as the main for ipfiincifilafi prrgzgid ll'lf zge water gr gganldlfiided t: ghehpla? zndtiiillb ag bindin com osition or e ce ose ers o e m 1m r y a e e, as pulp, ut otl ier proteids, such as glue, starches, he P p y of rendering casein readily soluble in corn meal, tapioca meal or soya-bean meal may Water, but I have discovered that a comparatively be used in minor quantities with the casein, for sma l qua tity or pr p ti n of lime is all that is so the purpose of reducing the cost of manufacture necessary for the P p 0 m ng a binder for. when the uses, to which the final products (paper, a will-Pose D l- V tY uch less lime is required board or the like) are to be put, do not require the than the p d t o a a t or a c at g same high degree of water reslstiveness or the de- I ater al.

gree gr hardnglss wh clzhmay lze :ttFItIIII-Zd by the fiblglys elgilplisgiizzfiuig 311:: cselliulgief or oitlher useo casein oneas epro ei o ecompoo po 0 case ,a-

' m small quantity of lime and a small quantity of-a These ingredients may be added to the cel- -fluoride, such as sodium fluoride or other equivalulose fibers and the liquor therefor, comprising n I m a l n the m n e. of p per to 5 the pulp in the beater and before the beating opincrease the s ren th of the paper made thereeration is actually commenced or after the fibers from nearly 7 have been beaten into a pulp of suitable con- 11152 111: h1:Z 1l; :'-:p;: e d :l gs ggly g ll g t edients be add d simulig'ggg ii g g coggition nixed ample, a pop test strength of 33 on a Mullen gether with or without an admixture of water gg g gg fif ih g gg ggg ggsg gg gx gg lia 5 3 g: g f gg i g ggggg nary binder above referred to, I am able to pro..

ti duce a paper having a pop strength of substan- Opera 1 t hi h tially 60, or even higher.

45 The tpmpo 0 mgre. S g The solvent of the casein which I preferably I add 0 q pounds pulp m he ea er use, comprises an alkaline mixture of sodium are suhstantlahs' as mums fluoride with calcium hydroxid, and I findthat ,Casem or mixme or casem wlth other these two ingredients react with the fibers in the fields from 2 to 6 pounds to each 100 Pounds pulp and render them water-repellent toamarked 50 of p p; degree in the paper or board product. The solvent 1'05 Llme $101!! 10% $0 20% the Weight of the for the casein, thatisto say. the ingredients which casein; render the casein water-soluble, also react with Sodium fluoride from t0 0f the we the fibers of the pulp, as for instance, with'celo! the casein. lulose pulp and to substantially decrease the 55 But I do not wish to be construed as limited water absorptive properties of the fibers and particularly to impart to the papers made from such pulp these properties of water resistiveness and toughness.

Theintroduction of my binding material into the beater has the further eflect of greatly reducing the number of revolutions through which the. beating operation must be carried to produce a thorough and proper mixing of the paper stock or cellulose therewith. In other words, with the use of my improved binding material, the length of time that the stock must be beaten is substantially reduced, thereby correspondingly reducing the cost of the production of the paper or other product.

It is possible that sodium carbonate or trisodium phosphate or even borax may be substituted for sodium fluoride in the above composition for the production of a paper or boardsuitable for certain uses but the said materials do not retard the reaction between the casein and the lime as satisfactorily as does the said fluoride.

The water-resistiveness of the finished product may also be substantially increased by the addition to the pulp of a relatively small quantity of formaldehyde. In practice, about one ounce of formaldehyde should be used to each 100 pounds of pulp under treatment, but the formaldehyde must be added to the pulp with great care and in, small quantities and diluted, since it tends to produce a coagulation of the entire mass under treatment. I preferably dilute the formaldehyde with a small amount of aqua ammonia and warm water, the quantity of ammonia being sufllicent to neutralize or nearly neutralize the acid reaction of the formaldehyde. I preferably employ a warm mixture, the water being preferablyof a temperature of from to 110 F.

In addition to hardening the paper or board and increasing its resistiveness to water or moisture, the formaldehyde also preserves the pulp from deterioration and its incorporation into the pulp is often desirable for this feature also.

The formaldehyde thus added to the mixture performs a further function or produces an additional result of rendering the paper more waterproof for it tends to precipitate the casein which is in the fibers and during the web forming step of the paper making process and to firmly bind the fibers together.

It not frequently happens that a cellulose pulp is not used in the paper or board making machine for sometime after it has been prepared, and to meet such contingencies, I prefer to also add to the pulp in the beater, and prior to the completion of the beating operation, an additional preservative, such, for instance, as sodium naphthalene sulphonate alpha and to add the same, I preferably dilute it in hot water and add it to the pulp in small quantities. The amount of sodium naphthalene sulphonate alpha should generally not exceed 5% of the weight of the batch of the pulp under treatment.

The paper or board made pursuant to my above process produces a water-resistant hard paper product which, upon being folded or creased, tends to crack or break. I have found that I may modify the product in such a way as to make the sheets more flexible and to make them capable of being folded, bent and creased, without breaking, by adding to the batch in the beater a small quantity of a water soluble soap. when soap is added, the final product (paper or cardboard) can be readily folded and creased without substantially decreasing the strength and proteid water-resistiveness of the paper at the fold or crease.

The addition of soap or soap producing ingredients into the pulp in the beater tends to produce a frothing or foaming of the pulp which is often undesirable. I have found that frothing of the pulp during the beating operation, due to the presence of soap in the pulp, may be greatly reduced by also adding to the pulp a small quantity of light mineral oil to effectively contribute to the water-resisting properties of the final or finished product, to render the paper somewhat more flexible, and to greatly reduce the foaming or bubbling in the beater. The oil may, however, be added to the casein before it is mixed with the lime and fluoride. One pint of such light oil to 100 pounds of casein is sufhcient to accomplish these results in most instances.

I find that the softening of the final product, (and by softening I mean imparting to the product of the property of being readily folded and creased without impairing the water-resistiveness or the strength of the paper) may also be produced with the use of light fatty oils, such as palm oil or olive oil, but'to use them I preferably reduce them to a soapy condition by the addition thereto of a suitable alkali and to utilize this soap for its softening properties.

In describing my invention, I have not referred to any of the fillers which may be employed in the manufacture of paper or board from a cellulose pulp, because the use of these fillers is well known and common in the art. Any of the ordinary filling materials such-as asbestos. mineral wool, sodium silicate, clay, portland cement, ground cork and similar fillers used in the various arts in the finished products ordinarily made from cellulose pulp, may be added to the pulp in suitable quantities and at suitable times, without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In the process of making paper and similar cellulose products, the improved method of treating the pulp, which consists in adding to the cellulose fibers in its alkaline liquor in the beater, a binder for the fibers thereof consisting of a containing casein and in quantities from 2 to 6 pounds of the of the pulp in the beater, lime from 10% to 20% of the weight of the proteid and sodium fluoride from 5% to 8% of the weight of the proteid and continuing the treatment of the pulp in the beater until the mass ishomogeneous and the fibers are of the desired degree of fineness.

2. In the process of making paper and similar cellulose products, the improved method of treating pulp which consists in beatingv cellulose pulp in its liquor, and in the presence of a proteid containing casein, in quantity from 2 to 6 pounds of the proteid for each 100 pounds of pulp under treatment, lime, from 10% to 20% of the weight of the proteid and sodium fluoride, from 5% to 8% of the weight of the proteid.

3. In the process of making paper and similar cellulose products, the improved method of treating pulp, which consists in beating the cellulose into a pulp in its liquor and in the presence of casein, from 2 to 6 pounds of casein for each 100 pounds of pulp under treatment, lime from 10% to 20% of the weight of the casein, sodium fluoride from 5% to 8% of the weight of the casein, and formaldehyde diluted with water and proteid of each 100 pounds I having its acid reaction substantially neutralized with an alkali.

. 4. In the process of making paper and similar and formaldehyde diluted with water and having its acid reaction substantially neutralized with aque ammonia.

5. In the process of making paper and similar cellulose products, the improved method of treating pulp, which consists in beating the cellulose pulp in its liquor and in the presence of casein, from 2 to 6 pounds for each 100 pounds of pulp under treatment, lime from 10% to 20% of the weight of the casein, sodium fluoride, from 5% to 8% of the weight of the casein, a water soluble soap and a nonsaponifiable oil.

6. In the process of making paper and similar cellulose products, the improved method of treating pulp, which consists in beating the cellulose pulp in its liquor and in the presence of casein, from 2 to 6 pounds for each 100 pounds of pulp under treatment, lime from 10% to 20% of the weight of the casein, sodium fluoride, from 5% to 8% of the weight of the casein, and sodium naphthalene sulphonate alpha dissolved in water and in quantity substantially 5% of the weight of the pulp under treatment.

7. In the process of making paper and similar cellulose products, the improved method of treating pulp, which consists pulp in its liquor and in the presence of casein, from 2 to 6 pounds for each 100 pounds of pulp under treatment, lime from 10% to 20% of the in beating the cellulose weight of the casein, sodium fluoride, from 5% to 8% of the weight of the casein, sodium naphthalene sulphonate alpha dissolved in water and in quantity substantially 5% of the weight of the pulp under treatment, and a small quantity of formaldehyde diluted with water and with aqua ammonia in a quantity sumcient to substantially neutralize the acid reaction of said formaldehyde.

8. In the process of making paper and similar cellulose products, the improved method of treating the pulp, which consistsin beating cellulose fibers in the liquor therefor and in the presence of a proteid, lime from 10 to 20% of the weight of said proteid, and sodium fluoride from 5 to 8% of the weight of the proteid.

9'. In the process of making paper and similar cellulose products, the improved method of treating the pulp, which consists in beating cellulose flbers in the liquor therefor and in the presence of a proteid and a fluoride.

10. In the process of making paper and similar cellulose products, the improved method of treatmg the pulp, which consists in beating cellulose fibersin the liquor therefor and in the presence of casein, lime and a fluoride.

11. The method of indurating and waterproofing paper and similar cellulose products, which consists in impregnating the cellulose fibers of which such product is composed, with casein, an alkali which renders said casein soluble in water and a fluoride.

12. The method of indurating and waterproofing paper and other fibrous fabrics, which consistsin impregnating the fibers of which such fabric is composedwith casein, an alkali which renders saidcasein soluble in water, a fluoride and a small quantity of a softening ingredient.

MONE R. ISAACS. 

